Latin Nouns: First Declension Greek Nouns

Endings (-ās, -ē, -ēs)

Masculine -ās

Case Singular Plural
Nominative -ās -ae
Genitive -ae -arum
Dative -ae -īs
Accusative -am -ās
Vocative -ae
Ablative -īs

Feminine -ē

Case Singular Plural
Nominative -ae
Genitive -ēs -arum
Dative -ae -īs
Accusative -ēn -ās
Vocative -ae
Ablative -īs

Masculine -ēs

Case Singular Plural
Nominative -ēs -ae
Genitive -ae -arum
Dative -ae -īs
Accusative -ēn -ās
Vocative -ae
Ablative -īs

Examples

xiphiās, xiphiae (m), swordfish
Case Singular Plural
nom. xiphiās xiphiae
gen. xiphiae xiphiarum
dat. xiphiae xiphiīs
acc. xiphiam/ān xiphiās
voc. xiphiās xiphiae
abl. xiphiā xiphiīs
epitomē, epitomēs (f), epitome
Case Singular Plural
nom. epitomē epitomae
gen. epitomēs epitomarum
dat. epitomae epitomīs
acc. epitomēn epitomās
voc. epitomē epitomae
abl. epitomē epitomīs
comētēs, comētae (m), comet
Case Singular Plural
nom. comētēs comētae
gen. comētae comētarum
dat. comētae comētīs
acc. comētēn comētās
voc. comētēs comētae
abl. comētē comētīs

Additional Notes

Vocative Case

The vocative case has the same ending as the nominative case:

  • ās-stem: -ās (singular); -ae (plural).
  • ēs-stem: -ēs (singular); -ae (plural).
  • ēs-stem: -ēs (singular); -ae (plural).

Locative Case

The locative case ends in -ae/-is (same as the dative case), and only applies to places.

Duality of ē-stem nouns

As mentioned earlier, many ē-stem nouns eventually became first declension ă-stem nouns. For example, the Greek word γραμματική (grammatikē) became grammatica in Latin (k also becomes c in Latin).

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